Human Biology Models

Magnetic articulation offers more options.

2.9 to 3.6 MYA. Australopithecus afarensis is the best represented early hominid with approximately 100 fossils representing the species.

1.75 MYA. The Homo ergaster Skull KNM-ER 3733 with dentition was discovered by B. Ngeneo in 1975 in Koobi Fora, Kenya, and described by R. Leakey in Nature in 1976.

1.8 MYA. The Australopithecus boisei skull, is the most famous fossil from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. OH 5 was discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959 and originally classified as Zinjanthropus boisei by L. Leakey in Nature later that year.

30000 to 32000 YA. This Cro-Magnon skull was discovered by L. Lartet and H. Christy on a cliff in 1868 (during the construction of railway lines in Les-Eyzies, France). Cro-Magnon, meaning 'big cliff', represents the earliest modern humans from Western Europe.

50000 YA. The Homo neanderthalensis Skull La Ferrassie 1 was discovered in France in 1909 and described that same year by Capitan and Peyrony.

3.2 MYA. The Australopithecus afarensis skull 'Lucy' was discovered by D. Johanson in 1974 in Hadar, Ethiopia.

350000 to 500000 YA. The Homo heidelbergensis skull Atapuerca 5 was discovered in Spain in 1992 by Juan-Luis Arsuaga, in the fossil-rich caves of Sima de los Huesos (Bone Pit), Sierra de Atapuerca.

8.5 to 12.5 MYA. The Sivapithecus indicus skull was discovered in 1979 by D. Pilbeam and S.M. Ibrahim Shah on the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan.

1.7 MYA. Female. The Australopithecus boisei skull KNM ER 732 was discovered in 1970 at Koobi Fora, Kenya by R. Leakey and H. Mutua and described in Nature in 1971.

70000 YA. The Homo neanderthalensis (Child) skull, Teshik-Tash, was discovered by A. Okladnikov in Uzbekistan in 1938. This skull helped establish the easternmost range of Neanderthals.

6-7 MYA. The Sahelanthropus tchadensis skull was discovered by Michael Brunet's team in Chad in 2001 and described in Nature in 2002.

1.7 MYA. The Dmanisi site in the country of Georgia has yielded incredible hominin fossil finds of the species Homo erectus, adding further documentation to the presence of Homo existing outside of Africa around 1.7 million years ago during the Plio-Pleistocene period.

This set of tools, which includes awls, axes, knives, scrapers, cores, and hammer, was collected between 2000 and 2004 in Romania.

11000 YA. The 5¹/₄" Farpoint Clovis spearpoint was found in 2005 by Edgar Perez at a residential construction site in Malibu. The first such artifact found on the West Coast, the Clovis spearpoint indicates the presence of Clovis people 11,000 years ago and raises questions about the origins of the earliest inhabitants of the Americas.

1.9 MYA. The Homo habilis Skull KNM-ER 1813 was discovered by K. Kimeu in 1973 at Koobi Fora, Kenya, and described by R. Leakey in Nature in 1973.