"Modern Physics"

Visually illustrate the difference in specific heat.

This diver set expresses the effects of air pressure and buoyancy.

Highly evacuated electron tube with focusing electron gun and fluorescent screen inclined relative to the beam axis, so that the path of the beam can be seen and the effects of electric and magnetic fields can be studied. The electron beam can be deflected electrically in the electric field of the built-in plate capacitor, and magnetically by using the Helmholtz coil pair (not included). By adjusting the electric field so that it cancels the magnetic deflection, it is possible to determine the specific charge (e/m) and the velocity of the electrons.

This colorful, graphically rich chart illustrates and summarizes what is now known about the history and fate of the universe. Developed by scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) in collaboration with the Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) and George Smoot, Nobel prize winner for 2006, the chart is crammed with information covering a broad range of cosmological topics. The centerpiece is an evolutionary timeline that takes viewers from 10-44 seconds, when the universe was much smaller than a proton, to the current era, about 14 billion years later, when the visible universe contains 4 x 1011 billion galaxies. Side panels provide short discussions on the birth, inflation and expansion of the universe, the cosmic microwave background and redshifts of distant supernovas.